Wednesday, July 31, 2019
Past Meets Present: Archaeologists Partnering with Museum Curators, Teachers, and Community Groups Essay
Anthropology Statistics Introduction            In Archeological excavation retrieval of intact artifacts or remains is quite a challenge.            Archeology is the study of remains of human or animal or remains of human culture. It is very important in putting together the events of the past. It has helped to authenticate both written history and unwritten history. In itself, archeology has been central in discovery of history of human culture in the pre-literacy period. Man has been able to discover the hidden information that could not have come to surface were it not for the art of archeology(John Jameson J. E., 2012). Archeologies involve excavation, dating of remains, reassembling of found remains to understand the context of their use in human history. Today several theories have been put forward to explain about the origin of man. All these versions have been depending on the archeological studies to justify itself. The most surprising is that archeology has helped strengthen some beliefs more than others(Insoll, 2007).            No one has been able to refute biblical stories on the basis of archeological studies. Through archeology remotely written scrolls that prove the historical facts outlined in the bible. It has therefore enhanced the authenticity of the claims. There are numerous features that are put together to be able to get accurate morphology of the body remains found in an archeological site. The main concern of archeologist is the morphological features and changes that take place. All the skeletons and artifacts recovered from an archeological site are recorded in a systematic manner which makes access to them easier(John Jameson, 2007). In recoding this information, the name of the site, the identifier of the skeleton, an access number, and type of bone found, the segments of the skeleton found, completeness score and number of fragments. The level of surface preservation is also vital. The bone can also indicate different pathologies that the pers on suffered while alive. There are different cultural practices when it comes to disposal of dead bodies some bury while others cremate partially before burial while some groups cremate fully. All these practices have an effect on the remains found at an archeological site(Hanne Andersen, 2013).            Human history is quite important in understanding the modern day pattern of genetics and human settlement, ideological evolution and culture. Archeologists have to apply a lot of skills to ensure that they are accurate in their reconstruction, dating and inference. When the word archeology is mention many only thinks of a group of people who are only interested in digging up graves and ruins but it goes beyond the excavation(John Jameson, 2007).            The items that were used in the remote culture do not necessarily resemble the modern day tools and items. It takes a lot of study and brainstorming to find the purpose of a tool found at a site. The erosions and continuous formation of soil has made discovery of an archeological site quite difficult(Hanne Andersen, 2013). In fact most archeological site that has lavished our modern Museums was discovered by accidents. Very few had an intentional discovery. The floods and sedimentation and soil formation over years had been responsible for deeper and deeper burial of artifacts and remains of animals and human ancestry(Nicholas, 2010). This conceals the site completely leaving no clue on the surface(Nicholas, 2010).            As soils, rocks and materials sediments on the remains they act stronger forces on the remains. Other forces of nature that acts on the remains are exposed while at surface area also leaves effects of the remains. Unfortunately, these forces can destroy the artifacts and remain by modifying the structures and the morphology. Though the archeologists have used shapes of the modified skulls excavated from different sites to reconstruct the living morphology of the humans, it may be possible that the shapes discovered are not original and might have beendeformed by the pressure from the overlying soil and rocks(Stottman, 2010). Pieces of artifact of remote settlement are reassembled together to find out how the object looked but accuracy is still questionable. Various archeological objects discovered from various sites are rarely found intact.            The cause of the damage is varied and the cause of the archeological material are also numerous. The forces responsible for the disintegration of these materials include physical forces such as damage by stray wild animals, domestic animals, sunlight, rainfall, wind and cyclones. Long exposure to these environmental forces can further damage the materials hence losing evidence of cultural heritage. Depending on the culture of a particular people, human remain were others were disposed through different methods. Thus somebody remains were buried while others thrown in the remote areas. This exposed the bodies to wild animals that tear apart the body part leaving little clue that may be less helpful in reconstructing the body morphology(Peter Bleed, 2013). The practice of dead body cremation has been practiced for quite a long time. Though the partly charred bones found in such archeological sites helps deduce the cultural practice, it conce als the evidence of what type of people lived in the archeological site. Using carbon dating may also be altered as the burning may reduce o the accuracy of the dating(Insoll, 2007).            Time is also an important factor in the level of preservation of archeological material. Most of the remains of the remote human culture were not made of durable material. Even those that were made of metal were made of unrefined iron. When unrefined iron is exposed to earth for long it degrades and absorbed into the earth. The other material made from organic substances suchas wood, hides and skins easily undergo decay over time. In order to get information of the archeologist at the archeological on such material, a lot of care is required on the part the archeologist. They have to trace the impression by decayed material then infer from the impression what the artifact might have been. In doing an inference from an impression, it is obvious that one cannot be certain of its accuracy.            In consideration to human history, man has used numerous methods to preserve the dead bodies. The civilization of people who once lived in a particular location also play a role in determining the intactness of an artifact or body remains. Burial boxes and built tombs offer some resistance to the force of the earth pressure exerted on the remains hence reduced destruction of the remains. This makes studies easy and also determines the durability of the remains in the Museums where they are kept(John Jameson, 2007). Greater role is expected of the authorities that protect the archeological heritage. They should be guided by principles that that are thoroughly researched and successfully used elsewhere. It should be remembered that degradation continues despite excavation and transfer of the artifacts and remains to the museums(Nicholas, 2010).            In the General Conference of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural organization, it was noted that the preservation of the archeological sites, monuments, artifacts and remains depend on the affection that people has for them. The handlers of the artifacts of the sites and remains must develop passion to prevent further disintegration. The wish of the member countries to develop science was found to have great role. The contemplation to do further study in works of the past strengthens the understanding and cooperation between countries to protect archeological heritage. This further strengthens the fulfillment of the social mission(John Jameson J. E., 2012).            We will explore the data from a website on archeological human remains and consider each of the bone found in the site. The percentage of completeness is likely to nullify or prove the hypothesis on the subject.The data set is for human remains that were recovered from sixteen different archeological sites in Northumberland and Durham. The human remains are kept at the Great North Museum in Newcastle, Wintergardens and Sunderland in Sunderland and Roman fort. The rest of the skeletal material was taken to a laboratory for testing in Newcastle(Nicholas, 2010).            From the database of this skeletal material an analysis was done to determine the fragmentation and completeness of the material remains.            Below is a graph on the distribution of the remains according to the site where they were collected.            . The number of skeletal material collected per Acheological site            The skeletal materials were collected from various archeological sites and each site had a god number of material collected.            To do an assessment on the surface preservation is quite subjective. The evaluation of the surface is a good determinant of the age of the organism at time of death. It is also important in assessing the pathologies, sex and the age at death. The preservation is partly a subject of age. The ossified bone are well preserved over many years while poorly ossified degrade quite fast with time. The size of the bone is a subject of sex of the person(John Jameson S. B., 2007). The taphonomic processes such as excavation, burial environment, curation has an impact on the condition of the bone and the bulk of skeleton that will be recovered from a site. Excellent preservation means that there is no surface erosion while poor preservation shows poor preservation. The level of preservation along with the completeness has an effect on getting information from the material.            The excavated remains preservation per site of discovery in the graph in fig 2            Fig. 2 Distribution of preservation levels of the skeletons            Key to figure 2 0= Exellent, 1= Very Good, 2 = Good, 3 = Fair, 4 = Poor ,5 = Extremely poor ,6 = Burned bone            Where cremated remains were examined they were described by their appearance L= Longitudinally Split, T= Longitudinal and Transverse Checking C= Cracking, W= Warping (Michelle Gamble, 2012)            The level of completeness of the human skeletal material collected were the compared based on the percentage of the complete whole of the remains and the following were the results. Level f preservation varied from one remains to another and also from one archeological site to another. Not all the bones were fully preserved neither were they all poorly preserved. At least each percentage of preservation were represented (see key for reference). Table. 1 Frequency for completeness of different % complete Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 22 2.4 2.4 2.4 ? 1 .1 .1 2.5 1 307 32.9 32.9 35.3 2 167 17.9 17.9 53.2 3 346 37.0 37.0 90.3 4 91 9.7 9.7 100.0 Total 934 100.0 100.0 ?= Undefined 1 = 75% 4 = 100%            From the table it was noted that only 9.7% of the remains were 100% complete. This meant that more than 90 were fragmented, burned or decayed. This proves how much of the material were deformed hence identification had to be done through inference. The deformation might have been due to the pressure of the underlying soil or from physical forces. This data set also composed of the charged and burned body remains (Peter Bleed, 2013). These might have had an effect on the percentage but this is less significant as not most of the remote cultures cremated the dead bodies.The bar graph comparing the level of completeness is as in fig 3below. Fig 3 Key Y axis ?= Undefined 1 = 75% 4 = 100%(Michelle Gamble, 2012)            The percentage completeness was in different frequency. The collected remains had different level of completeness of the fragments. Each level of completeness was represented showing that the fragmentation is significant in all remains what varies is the degree.            Fragmentation also has greater effect on the artifacts. The fragment increases work in analysis of the archeological remains. The archeologist has to identify part of the fragment from numerous fragments then use then to reassemble the bone or the artifact. This can be quite challenging especially when parts of the same bone to be reassembled have decayed completely and is not traceable any longer(Stottman, 2010). This may be quite difficult the probability of reassembling unlike fragments is high. The connecting of wrong fragment has an effect on the morphology hence losing the right shape of the organism or objects. A wrong conclusion is made hence conceal the culture and body morphology of the organism. The fragments were recorded some in terms of weigh and some in terms of numbers. Fig 4. No and weight Fragments collected at the sites Note            The figures in the Y axis without units are the number of fragment while hose with units are weight of the fragments. The data set was not recorded in uniform units but is helpful for the comparison(Michelle Gamble, 2012).            The graph portrays the occurrence of a number of fragments and the weight of each fragment and the number collected from the sixteenarcheological sites.            Some of the bones were segmented. Some only part of the segments were found at the site Figure 5. Table of the Bone and the segment recovered            The table above is a plot of the bones and the corresponding type of segment collected from the archeological site. Conclusion            Most of the human skeletons collected from the sixteen sites have proved over 90% of fragmentation and fragmentation. This trend is similar in other skeletal material from archeological site, the same phenomenon happens with the animals remains, material artifacts of remote human culture. Therefore fragmentation is a great setback to the archeologist in getting right information for scientific and historical inference. Most of forces and conditions responsible for this are not preventable but human error during excavation may be avoided. With careful marking and excavation, the relevant information retrievable from material remains can be increased. Marking and protecting of identified archeological site is necessary. References Hanne Andersen, D. D. (2013). New Challenges to Philosophy of Science. New York: Springer. Insoll, T. (2007). The Archaeology of Identities: A Reader. New York: Routledge. John Jameson, J. E. (2012). Training and Practice for Modern Day Archaeologists. New York: Springer. John Jameson, S. B. (2007). Past Meets Present: Archaeologists Partnering with Museum Curators, Teachers, and Community Groups. New York: Springer. Michelle Gamble, C. F. (2012). Osteological Analysis of Early Bronze Age human skeletal remains in Tyne and Wear Museums. Retrieved March 29, 2014, from Acheology Data Service: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/osteol_2013/downloads.cfm Nicholas, G. P. (2010). Being and Becoming Indigenous Archaeologists. Chicago: Left Coast Press. Peter Bleed, D. D. (2013). Custer, Cody, and Grand Duke Alexis: Historical Archaeology of the Royal Buffalo Hunt. New York: University of Oklahoma Press. Stottman, M. J. (2010). Archaeologists as Activists: Can Archaeologists Change the World? Alibama: University of Alabama Press. Source document
Observation and Child
Date of Observation: 26th January 2012 Time started and finished of observation 09. 40-10. 00 Number of children present: 16 Number of adults present: Two childcare worker two students (Including me the observer) Permission obtained from: Supervisor Description of setting: This observation took place in a pre-school in a village in the midlands. It took place in a morning session in the pre –school class. It caters for two years and six months to school going age. The pre-school is open from 9. 30 am– 12. 30pm Monday to Friday and caters for 18 children. It is one large room all female staff. Immediate context: The observation took place in the large play room. This is a large airy room with plenty of colourful toys. The room can accommodate a total of 18 children and there are 15 present today. Brief description of the child observed: TC is a female 3 year and three month old. TC four years old sister attends the pre-school. TC mother runs the pre-school. TC has brown hair. TC father works full time. TC lives with both parents, TC is sitting at a table for most of this observation playing with a van, digger and a truck. Aim of observation: The aim of this observation is to observe a TC for a period of 20 minutes in order to see TC emotional development in the free flow play of a child 3 years and three months. I would hope over the 20 minutes that the child has emotional develop. My personal aim for this observation is to learn how they are done and improve on my observation skills and to become a better observer. Method: Narrative Media used: Pen and paper Evaluation: The aim of the observation is to observe the physical development of a child that is 3 years and one month. Personal learning: The observation method worked well for the physical development, especial when she was playing at the table. Observation. The narrative method was a good to use to observe the child movements . The narrative method trained me to watch the child and to listen to them to pick up the child physical developments. The narrative method provides a lot of information about the child. I don’t think the pre-school effect the child to develop. Recommendation: observations are important as they can pick up on any difficulties the child may be having no matter how small it could be. I observed the child inside and out and observed in doing her playing stated on my narrative observation. If i was to pick game using blocks so that a child would be able to build them up. This would show a child fine motor skills. This was my first observation to do and it went very well and I am very happy with it. For the next observation I will be more prepared, and I know when the best time is to do an observation. Bibliography: Flood E (2010) child development for students in Ireland. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan
Tuesday, July 30, 2019
Psychology and Language Essay
Language is a form of communication that allows humans to express emotion, opinions, thoughts, and beliefs. Language is communicated through sounds, gestures, and symbols. It is a developed system for communicating in a society. Languages will vary from one culture to the next and will take on different forms. Languages do not have to be spoken but can be expressed through hand gestures and written symbols. The lexicon is the vocabulary contained within the language. It is the knowledge of the words contained in the language. It is a compilation of all words known, understood, and expressed by the individual. The language is compiled and understood by others contained in the same culture and supports how the language is expressed. Key Features of Language The key features of language are semanticity, arbitrariness, displacement, and productivity. An expression of language occurs when an individual expresses a sound or makes a gesture. The information being sent will be received by the listener or observer. Language is used to gain the attention of another individual through speaking or using hand gestures. Key features of language are the mode of communication that will be used (Hyde, 1998). How a language is expressed is the mode of communication such as speech and hand gestures. The next key feature is broadcasting the message and then rapid fading of the message. The message will fade and then cannot be heard. The next feature is interchangeability. This is the ability to both receive and send the message. Total feedback is occurs when the speaker can hear his own speech and can monitor the language performance as they go and specialization involves producing the speech through the specialized body parts adapted for this role (Hyde, 1998). Semanticity is another key feature of language. It matches the communication with its specific meaning. It involves the primary similarities in all languages. For example all elements on the periodic table are universal but the way the mineral or metal will be expressed by language will differ. In one language water may be expressed as agua but will still have the same meaning in another language even if the word is expressed differently. Arbitrariness is when a sound is emitted with specific direction. The communication or noise it just expressed and no one to interpret the message or no meaning for the expression of the language. If a monkey shrieks while sailing through the trees this is an arbitrary sound. It is a noise that has no destination or it is not focused towards someone else. Displacement is when a speaker expresses a language concerning something that is not present. It expresses things from the past, present or future or things that are physically separated from the communication. For example displacement is when an individual is talking about another country that is far away or a past experience that he recalls into the conversation. Productivity is the ability to express a language or communication that is understandable to others. It is productive to be capable of learning, processing, and emitting a learned language. Traditional transmission is the ability of the human being to learn a language in order to communicate. Humans are born with the necessary physical and mental tools to express a language but that language must first be learned. Children are able to express needs with by communicating by crying but they will need to learn the language to express in words or gestures what they need. Dual of patterning is a feature of language that involves the ability to develop patterns of language and the creation of new forms of the language. Four Levels of Language The four levels of language structure and processing include the sounds emitted or the phonetics and phonology, the meaning, syntax, and utterances. In general phonology is concerned with describing rules used to combine sounds into permissible sequences (Debajuoti, 2000). The sound is produced and then perceived. This is the basics fundaments of language. It is the ability to understand the language and perceive the differences. Changes in the sound that is emitted could change the communication or how the sound is perceived. Different ranges in sound can be applied differently in different languages or cultures. For example yelling in one language could be considered an expression of anger whereas in other languages or cultures it could be an expression of joy. The meaning of the language or the lexicon studies the relationship to the language and the words. It involves the derivation and inflections involved in the language. It represents the multiple meaning behind the words and the ambiguity of the structuring of the language. Syntax involves the forming of sentences within a language. It is how the language is pieced together in proper grammatical sequences. The utterance is when the language is expressed through sounds and in some cases through learned gestures. This expression of the language can involve nonverbal expressions, gestures, and facial expressions. The utterance is the text of the language and how the words are linked together and what is said. Language Processing in Cognitive Psychology The role of language processing in cognitive psychology involves perceiving the information, producing a response, reasoning, judging, conceptualizing, and imagining. A language uses symbols, which are sounds, gestures, or written characters that represent objects, actions, events, and ideas (Debajuoti, 2000). These processes help the individual to plan, apply, and problem solve. Language develops from many cognitive processes such as memory and learning. Language helps to determine how people will think. It is influenced by thought. How we perceive or process information helps to determine the ability to form a language. Human thought processes are closely linked to language and the cognitive process. Language is learned or input into the brain through the cognitive process. Humans commonly use mental representations such as concepts, prototypes, and cognitive schemas. Cultural differences and variations in language can change the perception or how the information in processed. How the information is acquired, stored, processed. The brain contains the human capacity to recognize and learn a language. Human learn through their environment, memory, modeling, and gaining knowledge. Cognition then stores, process, and interprets the information to form a language.
Monday, July 29, 2019
Hierarchies, Incentives and Firm Structure Essay
Hierarchies, Incentives and Firm Structure - Essay Example They suggest that it contains the majority of elements that a partnership has only that it defines the period that it will end. However, joint ventures have been said to have their own predicaments. This paper describes the joint venture of SynChem and Henlin Biotech in utilizing their power in chemical research in technologically upgrading the chemical industry in China. This happened after SynChem had submitted their first application for a patent after discovering the linker technology anti-body drug conjugate (ADC) (Cheng, p.76). The paper additionally describes the benefits and/or problems that all of one of the participants in the joint venture. Finally, it discusses how the joint venture could be set up in such a way so that it still produces the potential benefits but avoids some of the pitfalls inherent in such projects. 2.0 Benefits and Pitfalls The chairman, president and other esteemed guests from Henlin Biotech visited the offices of SynChem with an intention of negotiat ing a joint venture with the company on upgrading the chemical industry in China. These visitors said that by combining their capabilities in research, both companies would greatly benefit in modernizing or upgrading their technologies. There are numerous benefits or pitfalls that such a joint venture may encounter during the course of executing business. The companies in the joint venture may benefit by making local contacts with people who have a greater understanding of the problems that technology is having within the Chinese chemical industry (Ekvall & Evan, p.90). These local contacts may help the companies in building closer relationships with other players in the industry who may bring in additional information and resources for the benefit of the joint venture. Both of these parties that are involved in the joint venture may in turn gain experience on the matters affecting the industry in addition to becoming more familiar the rules or practices used within the Chinese chem ical industry (Bouchikhi & Kimberly, p.112). The joint venture that SynChem and Henlin Biotech are into will greatly benefit both companies that have combined their talents along with resources for achieving their objectives (Cheng, p.88). This is mainly because the companies will be able to pool together their individual workforces, equipment, finances and expertise in overcoming any risks that they may encounter in the industry. Both of the companies in the joint venture may also be able to obtain additional capital sources for facilitating their activities. Their joint venture will enable them to have stronger capital bases from which they can draw finances, additional cash or contributions on their capital from the shareholders within them (Hamilton & Zhang, p.165). The move would greatly enable them in preventing shortages of cash which may hamper their activities or the profitable completion of their projects. The companies within this joint venture which are SynChem and Henli n may additionally benefit through their increased bidding powers and bonding capacities. The companies combined efforts may assist them in attaining more powers when making bids in future projects. This is because the companies in the joint venture may have an extra ability of raising the resources and finances required to complete various projects (Campbell, p.87). Since SynChem is more experienced and
Sunday, July 28, 2019
The Impact of International Business Theory on Understanding Essay
The Impact of International Business Theory on Understanding International Business - Essay Example Basically, in political economy, but also in a business setting, the theory of inter-organizational bargaining can be utilized to characterize and make an analysis of business and government negotiation, policy formulation and trends (Aharoni, 1966). This theory places an emphasis on the relative bargaining resources and the stakes of every person involved in a bargaining scenario, hence deducing economical and commercial ideas from the analysis. Since any business can be involved in power relationships with competing companies, bargaining theory may include in both the MNC and the host government negotiations the capable reaction from other related MNCs (Audretsch, 1989). Vital phenomena such as the bargain trade limitations and performance obligations can be reflected by critical analysis using this theory. Policies of MNCs and host governments can be incorporated with power relationships resulting in compromising and working together as well as the rivalry with other MNCs. The bargaining theory model, hence is apparent and able to entail numerous considerations such as the ones already named. Firm strategies and the host government rules, laws, policies and regulations may emanate from the decision makers aspect of their own bargaining powers and those of other crucial actors, in addition to their analysis of opportunity costs and their ability to forego any dealings with potential rival MNCs wishing to operate in the host country (Blomkvist, 2012). Among the numerous actors who are important to policy making, MNC does comprise a specific vital group, changes the balance of payments, aid in the country’s overall development, develop and improve on the existing technology and have an impact on other policy fields. Â
Saturday, July 27, 2019
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company - Research Paper Example The challenge pushed the company, towards changing its market outlook, to adopt an approach where they targeted profitable customer segments (Mentzer, et al., 2001). The strategy has pushed the company to focus on the marketing and the sales of original equipment. Additionally, the company has had to adopt market-back innovation, which featured the rejuvenation of product lines like Wrangler and Eagle. There was also the challenge of improving its operational excellence across its supply chain – including the company’s 52 operational facilities located at 22 countries (Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, 2012). The goal of the company has been the reduction of inventory at the different facilities as well as affiliated facilities, while at the same time improving the efficiency of business (Lavassani, Movahedi & Kumar, 2009). The supply chain needs to evolve in a number of areas, so that it can support its business. These include focusing their sales and production capaci ty to the service of the highly profitable customer segments, including the original equipment line. Secondly, the company needs to carry out market-back innovation continually, which will increase its efficiency through re-energizing its brands. Thirdly, the company will need to push its facilities and those of its suppliers to increase their operational excellence, through changes like the reduction of inventory (Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, 2012). A larger proportion of the company’s success has come from its vertically integrated sales outlook and supply chain. For example, the company realized huge success through its vertical integration with Formula one and NASCAR. Their major success through the company’s vertical integration with these vehicle consumers and vehicle makers shows that the company should widen its vertical integration (Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, 2012). The wider vertically integrated supply chain should cover other players like garage owners, car importers, car manufacturers, the suppliers of rubber materials and other commodity producers. 2. The competitive advantage of the company lies in the area of quality, primarily due to their reputation as the main suppliers of reputable racing companies like Formula one and NASCAR. The company’s reputation for quality products can also be traced to the Goodyear blimp, after the first Goodyear blimp flew in 1925 (Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, 2012). The core operational competencies of the company include that its tires have been associated with sporting cars and events, to the levels that they have gained reputation for their performance capabilities. The second operational competency is the company’s business in 22 countries, where its brands are reputable (Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, 2012). Thirdly, many of the company’s brands are globally reputable, which allows it to win against its competitors. The market risks facing the company inc lude that its market positioning has been tainted by its ranking, as the 19th-largest corporate contributor to air pollution in the US. This threat becomes worse, following the continued pressure of different corporate consumers to consume the products of green-operating companies (Simchi-Levi, Kaminsky & Simchi-levi, 2007). The second competitive threat facing the compan
Friday, July 26, 2019
Criminological Theories Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Criminological Theories - Case Study Example Society reacts by punishment, treatment, or prevention. These sequences of events come together to comprise the object matter of criminology (Sutherland, 1947). Theories are logical constructions that explain natural phenomena. They are not in themselves always directly observable, but can be supported or refuted by empirical findings. Theory and empirical research are connected by means of hypotheses, which are testable propositions that are logically derived from theories. The testable part is very important because scientific hypotheses must be capable of being accepted or rejected. Theories can be simple or complex, it depends on how relationships are made in formulating them. Human behavior tends to be very complex, almost abstract. Theories on crime causation are complex, too. Theories not only provide a framework for us to interpret the meanings of observed patterns but they help us to determine when these patterns are meaningful and when they are not (Sutherland, 1947). The case under analysis here is Cecilia's inclination to embezzle funds from her employer. Her behavior can be best explained using two sociological theories of criminology namely, Social Disorganization and Institutional Anomie. The Institutional Anomie is sometimes also called the 'American Dream' theory. This theory comes under the more widely known 'Strain theory'. Strain refers generally to the processes by which inadequate regulation at the societal level filters down to how the individual perceives his or her needs. Strain also refers to the frictions and pains experienced by the individual as they look for ways to meet their needs (the motivational mechanism that causes crime) (Messner & Rosenfeld, 1994). This theory talks of a state in which sometimes material success is evaluated as success in life. Achieving such a success might mean relieving the strain the person is under. When a person is in this state, economic success takes a very high priority in life. Contentment a nd satisfaction in life are rated only based on how much money they make or how well placed they are in society. As in the case of Cecilia, as long as she was economically stable, for example during the initial period of working, she did not resort to any type of deviant behavior. Social Disorganization theory basically refers to the failure of social institutions or social organizations (e.g., schools, family, group networking) in certain communities and/or neighborhoods. Organization can be defined as definite and enduring patterns of complementary relations and social disorganization as the weakening or destruction of the relationships which hold together a social organization such as a family (Sutherland, 1947). The lack of a proper childhood leads to a feeling of imbalance which in turn leads to the need to procure this balance. In Cecilia's case, the death of her father at an early stage and the lack of a close personal bond with her mother caused in her a feeling of detachmen t and desolation. Since she also did not have close friends, social networking was totally lacking leading to a very strong need to feel attached to something or someone. This craving leads to a depression which if not identified leads to deviant behavior which could lead to the individual developing into a
Thursday, July 25, 2019
UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZED CRIME Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZED CRIME - Essay Example In general, the organized groups in the US do not like to show themselves in public because this hinders their smooth operations. Although the US does not face any huge threats from organized crime groups at the moment, but the history shows that these groups can cause the state institutions to get into long and hard struggles. There are three types of groups which have criminal intent on the land of USA. FBI has categorized these groups as Eurasian organizations, Italian, and Balkan organized groups. Eurasian organized crime groups are associated with the individuals who originate from Russia and Eastern countries which were created after the collapse of the Soviet Union. These organizations have migrated to the US and are not home bred. Kidnapping, drug trafficking and frauds are the basic crimes the Eurasian organizations are into. The Italian organized groups are known as IOC groups in the US. The best known Italian group in the US is the Sicilian mafia. The main criminal activities that these IOCs are involved in are money laundering and sale of counterfeit products in major cities of the US. The Japanese society is not a crime free one for the citizens and the government. Although Japan is included in developed countries list, but the crime rate in comparison to the US is very low. Most of the criminal activity is performed by the organized criminal entity Boryokudan. Violence, its discipline, illegitimate activities and the organizational structure characterize this organized crime group (Huang & Vaughn, 1992). Since the war of Japan with the US, this group has gained a lot of power and is working on a high profile in Japan. Unlike the activities of the US crime groups their main activities in this era are to monopolize, go global, go to war with others, and racketeering. Since the 1980s the term of organized crime has spread in China like a wild fire. In 1998, almost 100,000
Amidst the Moral Attack on Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1
Amidst the Moral Attack on Abortion - Essay Example Wade (Payment, 1993). However, even until today, abortion has been consistently challenged by many Christians and anti-abortionists because they find the act immoral and cruel. According to an article by Haven Bradford Gow (2002), abortion is a violation of human rights and that â€Å"making abortion illegal is necessary to guarantee preborn persons equal rights.†In this essay, I aim to challenge the views of those who oppose abortion by addressing three issues: the concept of killing a fetus, socio-economic outburst, and women’s civil rights. As women make up 50% of human population (UN Statistics Division, 2002), they deserve all the rights accorded to every individual. In the case of abortion, women have the rights that a fetus does not have until its personhood can be established. Going back to the case of Roe v. Wade, the personhood of a fetus is generally understood to â€Å"begin between 22 and 24 weeks†(Payment, 1993). In the same case, the concept of p ersonhood is viewed as different from the concept of human life. Human life occurs at conception, but fertilized eggs used for artificial fertilization are also human lives and those not implanted are routinely thrown away. If abortion is murder, then it is fair to say artificial fertilization should be also treated as human killings.
Wednesday, July 24, 2019
Mobile Phone Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Mobile Phone Marketing - Essay Example Failure to do so will eventually turn out to be counterproductive and can lead to the degradation of the brand being marketed (Hendery 2). The dearth of relevant technologies is one other big problem being faced by the proponents of mobile phone marketing. Considering the immense potential of the mobile phone marketing, this channel is gaining an enhanced acceptance amongst the marketing professionals. The corporations are well aware that a mobile phone is something that a person carries everywhere and therefore ample budgetary allocations are being made to launch and support interactive marketing campaigns (Long 1). Infact the potential of mobile phone marketing is much higher as compared to the internet marketing component, as the number of cell phone subscribers is very large as compared to the number of people who own or use computers (Long 1). As per a survey conducted by the Mobile Marketing Association based in Colorado, US, the total number of mobile phone subscribers around the world stands to be a mind boggling 1.4 billion, which is way ahead of the total number of land line phone subscribers throughout the world (Long 1). In the US alone, more then 65 percent of the population owns cell phones (Long 2). Also the text messag ing is gaining much popularity amongst the mobile phone owners (Long 2).There exist many valid reasons that will make mobile marketing really popular amongst the top brands in the UK. First and foremost, the mobile phone marketing enables the brands to interact with a specific target audience (Business Wire 1). Secondly, it enables the brands to ascertain how a user responds to a particular marketing message (Business Wire 1). Last but not the least, mobile phone marketing enables the companies to certify, whether a particular message has reached the customer or not (Business Wire 1). Mobile phone operators also stand to gain from this trend as it promises lucrative revenue opportunities for them. As per a survey conducted by Airwide Solutions in the UK, by the end of 2008, nearly 89 top brands in the UK will resort to text and multimedia messaging to communicate with their potential customers (Business Wire 1). Nearly one third of these brands are expected to allocate more then 10 percent of their marketing allocations to mobile phone marketing (Business Wire 1). Such budgetary allocations are expected to augment to more then 25 percent in the next five years (Business Wire 1). Small screen size of mobile phones was one major barrier to the mobile phone marketing (Shea 1). In the last few years, the mobile phone manufacturers responded to such consumer expectations by making the mobile phones smaller and smaller. Thus the small phones with their small screen sizes severely limited the scope and potential of mobile phone marketing (Shea 1). However, last year this trend was reversed with the advent of Apple's iPhone, which is a small phone with a big screen (Shea 1). Considering the current trend towards bigger screens in association with the recent innovations in the cellular technology like wireless internet capabilities and high speeds, the mobile phone
Tuesday, July 23, 2019
Environmental Health Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Environmental Health Assessment - Essay Example E.J). Mold formation can be seen in various places - indoor and outdoor. The commonly found species of molds are Aspergillus, Stachybotrys, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Pencillium, Memnoniella, Alternaria, Mucor and Mycotoxins (Mold Types - Common Species of Mold. 2008, Mold Removal Unit. 2003). Of these, Stachybotrys and Memnoniella are very toxic and the others are common house molds. They require moist cellulose areas like wet wood, paper and cotton to grow (Mold Removal Unit. 2003.) .Mold is usually spotted on moist open areas like wet walls, open water in/outlets, leaking walls, decaying plants, wet soil, wet carpet etc (Mold Types - Common Species of Mold. 2008, Mold Removal Unit. 2003 ). Though there are many methods prevailing that can detect some types of mold, they are not 100% efficient due to the following factors: Mold detection does not imply that it should be removed. Though health advisors / conscious people would prefer that molds be removed effectively once it is detected, there’s no legal obligation for the same except in few countries (Testing for Mold. 2008.) Owing to the possible environment health hazards of molds and growing public concerns & litigations over molds, the Toxic Mold Protection Act of 2001 (Mold Bill) and United States Toxic Mold Safety and Protection Act of 2003 (The Melina Bill) were formed in the United States. The Mold Bill, though not a law, has asked the Department of Health Services (DHS) of California to organize a special team consisting of medical and health experts, mold removal experts, government representatives, representatives from Californian companies and workers, and affected consumers and industries. The team will analyse the possible health hazards due to various types and intensity of molds and set criteria for estimation, detection and remediation of mold. The team was to be effective from 2002. Due
Monday, July 22, 2019
A Dolls House - Henrik Ibsen Essay Example for Free
A Dolls House Henrik Ibsen Essay Henrik Ibsens in one of his most revolutionary plays, A Dolls House, filled his set and narrative with symbols that emphasised the idea that above everything, one must be an individual. Doors, macaroons and the tarantella are all symbols that are used by Ibsen to convey to the audience that the life of Nora and Torvald isnt what it seems to the naked eye. The doors in the dolls house set, are emphasised, to symbolise the separate worlds Nora and Torvald live in; the illusive macaroons symbolise the control Torvald has over his wife and the wild tarantella dance is symbolic of Noras desire to escape from her restricted and heavily defined existence. Doors in A Dolls House are not just a wooden blocks that can be used as a thoroughfare between rooms; they are used to distinguish between the two different spheres, Noras sphere and Torvalds sphere. All throughout the play, Nora never enters her husbands world. Guests for Torvald were instructed to not come in here (Noras living room), and they went on into Torvalds study. As Krogstad slammed the door on the way out of his house, Noras world was smashed into a million shards of tiny fragile pieces. The character of Nora is sent into a spiral of depression, anxiety and out-right craziness that turned a seemingly normal dance into a 19th century movement of oppressed emotions. The macaroons that Nora possesses in the beginning of the play are more than just a common snack. Nora has the macaroons in the early stages of the play, with Torvald around. They give the audience the knowledge of Noras child-like behaviour and emotions. All through A Dolls House, Torvald treats Nora like an inexperienced child, and the macaroons are one of many indications of this. She offers it to guests as they enter her world, but not to her husband, in which she hides them from him. The child-like behaviour is also witnessed in the scene where Nora is playing with her children, calling them little dolls and playing with them like they are her friends and shes not their mother. This child-like behaviour was encouraged by Torvald, by simple nicknames, such as skylark and mockingbird, to make Nora be more immature towards Torvald and keeping her youthfulness that he liked so much. The infamous dance, the tarantella, was an expression of the oppressed society that woman had to go through in the 19th century. The tarantella was used to convey emotions that woman couldnt express in normal, everyday life. They used raw energy to express that raw emotion. In A Dolls House, Nora uses, just as other woman have, to express and release the oppressed emotion that was given by Torvald towards her. In the scene where Nora is dancing for Torvald as practice of the dance and Dr. Rank comes in, Torvald keeps telling Nora to stop it and do it as I said. Nora is completely oblivious to Torvald and keeps on dancing in her own style. Dr. Rank comes in and takes over Torvalds role as piano player to fuel the flame that Nora was burning. The dance becomes more and more wild as the scene progresses, until the music stops and Nora is just still. The oppressive moment of woman in the 19th century created this dance. A Dolls House uses this symbols of child-like behaviour, different worlds and an oppressed dance to show the audience that the world of the 19th century wasnt a blissful place where men and woman were equal in everything they had rights to, like they do now. Torvald showed that he was a man of conformity and tried his best to bend his family into the social norms of the time. Torvald never let Nora have her way and treated her like a child, making her regress into one and even making her be his child. She was scared to wrong by her husband, even hiding a simple sweet from him so he wouldnt find out that she was eating it. By the end of A Dolls House , Nora grows up. After the problems arisen by Krogstad, she learns that her husband isnt her saviour anymore and she doesnt love him. The party ended when Torvald wanted to leave. Nora got home and changed out of her formal attire, and into outdoor wear, making Torvald wonder, Why are you dressed like that? The taking off of her formal clothes gives the impression that Nora is now taking off her old life, her oppressed life, and starting afresh. After an emotional discussion with Torvald, she ends up leaving him and the children. Walking out of her house, through the door, again is symbolising the end of something. This time its Noras life with Torvald. As the door closes, this time its Torvald who breaks down, mirroring Noras emotions when Krogstad leaves the letter in the letter box. Symbolisation is a major part in any play, even more so in A Dolls House. The emotion scenes with Nora, Torvald, Dr. Rank and even Krogstad wouldnt be the same without objects such as the doors or macaroons, or the two different spheres dividing Noras world and Torvalds. The dance itself plays a vital role of showing emotion without the notice of Noras own husband. Without such devices, A Dolls House wouldnt be the same revolutionary play that we see today; it would just be mere words on a page. Bibliography: A Dolls House Henrik Ibsen
Sunday, July 21, 2019
Different Approaches To Completing Tasks
Different Approaches To Completing Tasks Imagine that you work for a multinational IT company and have been transferred to Japan for five years project. You want to adjust yourself culturally to the new environment so that you do not have cross cultural problems. Which aspect of the local culture would you wish to observe and understand in order to avoid problems of cross cultural communication? INTRODUCTION Communication is the process of exchanging ideas, facts and figures from one person to another. The term cross cultural implies interaction with people of different cultural, ethnic, age and class backgrounds. Communication is interactive in nature and is greatly influenced by our relationship with others. Different words may mean different meanings to different people. In addition to this what makes cross cultural communication really difficult is the difference in language even the same word can mean different things. Cross cultural communication is a form of global communication which describes how people of different culture communicate and interact with each other in different ways among themselves. Cross cultural communication is a field of study that draws various ways that we have learned to speak and gives non-verbal messages. Thus miscommunication is likely to happen when it involves significant cultural differences among the communicators. This is what known as Cross Cultural difference. FUNDAMENTAL PATTERNS OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCES There are six different cultural patterns that tend to vary from one person to another person. These are discussed as follows: Varying communication styles The way people communicate varies widely within people of different cultures. What may mean to one person may have a different meaning to other person. This aspect of communication style is known as language usage. Some words carries different meaning across different cultures. Another aspect of the communication style is the degree of importance given to verbal and non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication not only includes gestures and facial expressions but also involves sense of time, personal distance etc. Different approaches to completing the tasks Approaches to completing tasks vary from culture to culture. The reason behind this is different judgments of the rewards associated with the accomplishment of the task, different notions of time and access to resources available. For example Asian culture tends to give more importance to the developing relationships and emphasize more on the task completion towards the end as compared to the European-American culture. Varying attitudes towards conflicts Some cultures see conflict in positive manner while others view it as something to be avoided. In the U.S conflict is not considered to be desirable however people often are encouraged to directly face conflicts as they arise. In eastern countries conflicts are considered to be embarrassing; a written exchange might be favorable means to address the conflict instead of speaking. Different styles of decision making The role played by an individual in decision making process varies from culture to culture. For example in US decisions are frequently delegated i.e. an official assigns the responsibilities to the subordinates associated with the task while in Japan consensus is the preferred mode. Different attitudes towards disclosure In some cultures it is not considered appropriate to be open about emotions, personal feelings and information or a conflict or misunderstanding. When you are working with others or dealing with a conflict questions like what was the conflict about? Or what was your role in the conflict may seem natural to you but may seem intrusive to others. Varying approaches to knowing Differences are likely to occur among cultural groups when it comes to knowing things. For example European culture tends to consider information acquired by measuring and counting rather than the other ways of coming to knowing things. Compare that to African cultures preference for affecting ways of knowing things including rhythm and symbolic imagery. Some of the common aspects and challenges that he observed in Japanese culture are discussed as follows: Rules and etiquettes Japanese adheres closely to rules and regulations. It was clearly evident from the low crime rates. Aspects of etiquettes include vocabulary, grammar for polite conversation, Principles for exchanging gifts and greeting others. This made him aware that Japanese are very certain about their rules and regulations. Hierarchy In Japan a strong hierarchical structure still exists with respect, responsibility and authority being rewarded based on age, status and experience. When communicating with Japanese it is considered wise to pay attention towards the face. Face is closely linked with personal pride and forms the basis for an individuals status and reputation. Damaging face through over confrontation can be disastrous for business relationship in Japan. Concept of time Time is one of the major challenges while working in Japanese culture as Japanese are very strict regarding the punctuality. While working being early or on time for all appointments, meetings whether formal or informal is a show of respect and sincerity towards the task while any event of being late requires an apology. Communication styles Understanding communication style is another biggest challenge that is often faced while working in Japanese culture. Japanese have a preference for indirect and high context communication. They emphasize more on the impact of body language, developing relationship, emotions and other non-verbal communication. Harmony In Japan there is more emphasizing on collectivism rather than individualism. They place significant emphasize on loyalty towards the group. In Japanese culture it is important to understand that praising or prioritizing any one individual over others is likely to be embarrassing. Excessive hard working attitude Japanese people are highly dedicated to their work. For them, there is no day-night, hunger-thirst. When they are determined to achieve something, they achieve it any cost without thinking about any kind of comfort. For example if in India, 10 cars are manufactured in a day then in Japan, that number is 100. So, this is also a major challenge. OVERCOMING CROSS CULTURAL DIFFERENCES No matter whom you are or where you live or which culture you come from it is important to recognize that although other people may dress like you or even work for the same company they are not just like you. Some of the common aspects that Mr. A observed and decided to follows in order to overcome cross cultural differences are discussed as follows. The key to effective cross cultural communication is knowledge. It is very essential for people to understand the potential problems of cross cultural communication and to be prepared to adjust your behavior accordingly. Try to learn from generalizations about other cultures, but do not use those generalizations to oversimplify your ideas about other persons. One should practice and practice because the more effort you put in observing and learning about other culture more easily you can overcome cross cultural difference. One should not assume that his way of communicating is the only right way of communication in fact one should keep questioning about his assumptions about the right way to communicate. Try to listen actively and empathetically. By putting yourself in the other persons shoes especially when other persons perceptions and ideas are completely different from your own, you might need to operate at the edge of your own comfort zone. Another key ingredient that helps in overcoming cross cultural difference is developing awareness about an individuals culture. This is because if you dont have understanding about different cultures than how do you communicate to someone who understands and relates to the world differently to you. Reflective listening plays an important role in overcoming cross cultural differences. It is very helpful in checking out the meaning of what someone says by repeating back what you have heard which in turn helps you to confirm what has been said accurately. Another important point that one must keep in his mind at workplace is to be wise. People need to be aware how to interact with people with respect and knowledge. One must show maturity of thought and action in dealing with people. Thus working across different cultures requires a diverse skill set and a different business approach from business in general. When bridging the cultures both similar and foreign to our own certain strategies are crucial for the success of international project which are briefly described as follows. Learning about the project beforehand This helps to get a feel for the atmosphere, attitude and the angle that the business has. Observing new environment One must carefully observe how people act, dress and treat each other. This will keep a persons observation skills engaged and alert to elements that will help you to adjust in new environment easily. Allow more time Working across different culture takes more time to adjust. Communication may be slowed and logistics may be different. Give yourself more time to process information before taking any decision. Learn to tolerate uncertainty Definitive and concrete answers may not always be given especially when you working with Japanese culture with high tolerance for uncertainty.
Right To Freedom Of Religion And Expression Religion Essay
Right To Freedom Of Religion And Expression Religion Essay Religion is a particular system of faith and belief concerning the cause, nature and the purpose of the universe. There are number of religions in the world with the major religions as Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism. Each religion has different concept of God as well as different lifestyles as guided by their religious leaders. It can be clearly observed that every person has distinctive lifestyle with their own interests, activities, opinions and attitude. Even the way they are carrying themselves in the dresses or their outer appearance also forms the essential part of their lifestyles. While most of the civilized societies have settled down in peace with the tremendous efforts in raising the respect for each religion amongst the residents, creating the essence of brotherhood and humanism, there still exist many areas in the world where intolerable attitudes towards other religions and their lifestyles are found and the conflicts still remain unresolved. From past histo ry to present day, there are so many stories and incidents revealing about the religious wars and their resulting in emotional, physical and economical calamities. If it is seen through the past history, first the war started between Jews and Christians followed by the Christians and Muslims and then later some intolerable Muslim emperors and leaders started discriminating and violating the Hindu beliefs and lifestyles. And in this way throughout history religion has been misunderstood and abused. Majority uses it as a source of power and domination over the other religion people and their beliefs. In fact in the name of the religion number of injustices is done in one way or other and in the cause whole humanity is suffering from the earlier BC period till now. And this violation has been done to such an extent that even the word religion has lost its true meaning which is sign of peace. Truth is that no religion taught this. Every religion spreads the message of peace. Though thes e conflictions have been diluting with the time but unfortunately it seems to be everlasting and will be always lingering amongst the societies. Always such examples can be traced where there is a conflict on the views, violation in the name of the religion, hatred for others activities even in the present day. And where the extremists do not have any ironic point to fight at they start attacking the minor issues like dress codes. Dresses give the reflection of their religions. In some cases the dresses they wear is obligatory to wear them. Major religions that have the strict dress codes are Islam, Sikhism, Buddhism and monks. In Islam, its obligatory for both men and women to wear the modest dress but women have to wear the clothes that cover almost every part o her body except face, hands and feet (Hijab). Both Sikhs men and women have to cover their heads according to their religious laws. They wear a metal bracelet (Kara) on their wrists as it is their religious identity. Traditional dress of the Jews men includes payos, curled forelocks and shawls. Buddhist nuns and monks wear robes (http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0900638.html). And similarly many other existing believers in this world have some sort of traditions and faiths about what they wear. Some part of the world also has such people who do not believe in system of religious clothing. They like to wear whatever they like without any religious pre ssure. As a general rule, the rights to freedom of religion and expression entail, that all people should be free to choose what and what not to wear. These rights cannot be restricted simply because some even a majority find a form of dress objectionable or offensive. But the problem exists when the persons individual choice is curbed due to the facts and merely useless causes. Whatever be the reason for this, it is totally inhumane. Without going beyond hundred years or centuries, past recent years itself gives the evidence of such happenings. The most popular controversial issue has been the matter of Hijab that has reflected huge disagreements between the Muslim beliefs and western societies. Some other examples also dictate the similar stories are discussed below. Controversy of Hijab in the western countries Not so far it was the recurrent news in 2004 when France government banned the wearing of Hijab and Burqa in the schools, colleges, work places and even most of the public places. Even some other countries like Spain and Germany also wanted to implicate such laws in their respective countries. After the incidence of 11/11 even America was not behind in restricting the Muslims from openly following their religious beliefs though they claim the reasons for this to be political. In one of the articles its stated that If you chose to wear Hijab guaranteed obstacles are going to come your way. There will be a problem in schools and colleges, in the career field. The girls who will be wearing Hijab will not have as many as opportunities as the girls who are without it. (Nadia Fadir, 2009). They suffer great underestimation just because of something that has so modest reason to be followed. Wearing Hijab does not at all mean that women cannot perform better or possess less knowledge. In fac t this is something which protects the women from bad part of the society. Why there are such conflictions where innocent are suffering? Is it less than a terrorist attack? It cannot be judged to what extent it is hurting and exploiting the rights of the woman. Definitely Muslims have full right to fight against these unjust laws to be implicated. It is right to defend the girls right to wear her religious dressings if she chooses so. On the other hand she should not be forced if she does not want to. That is also unacceptable. As Muslims denounce the violation of their religious freedom similarly they should also tolerate the non-Muslim beliefs and care should be taken that their ways are not unmolested. Issue of the Sikh turban While there was a ban on headscarves there was equal opposition on the Sikhs wearing turbans and even the Jews wearing yarmulkes in the western countries. Sikh turbans are facing the difficult times in the western countries though the current immigration status of the Sikhs originated in the period of 1980s when there were many conflicts between Hindus and Sikhs in India (Priyeneha Gohil, 2004). Though time have brought a great change to the Indian province regarding the religious matters, but for a long period of time Sikhs did not have much space in the political world and were assigned for other high official posts in a limited number. Turban was the major reason behind their rights being curbed. They were looked upon by odd eyes as they were not the part of the society. Besides being a citizen of India, they are just found adjusting in the Punjab Territory. India is majorly a Hindu country and Hindus are not accustomed to cover their heads with turban as Sikhs. These rights canno t be restricted simply because some even a majority find a form of dress objectionable or offensive. Their right of wearing turbans should not be violated. They have full right to follow their own ways and lifestyles. They should have an equal access to all the opportunities as an integral part of the community. Other similar issues Religion is a way of life. Everyone has an equal right to choose their own lifestyle. Number of people in this world decides not to follow any particular belief and desire for freedom of thought and outward appearance but now on contrary, these sorts of people have also been targeted somewhere by the religious countries or religious people. They are tortured even if they are not harming anybody or interfering in others beliefs. They are blamed for spoiling the religious values and thought to be against the existence of God which is not true. Orthodox people forget that Gods first lesson through every religion is humanity. They possess intelligence and participate in the development of the economy as equally as others but yet they are not spared. Though small, but these significant issues are creating differences amongst the different cultures which are of no worth. It is giving rise to hatred and wars. The main reason for this reason we have made the religions as a cage to keep ourselves confined to that and trying to force others as well to remain within this rather than raising the spirituality levels which takes us to the greater heights. Spirituality will always overstate the similarities while understating the differences. These kinds of restrictions and conflicts are not adding to the glory of any religion or society but rather highlighting their harsh part. These all immoderate acts are the result of the ignorance of the true meaning of the religion and the lack of knowledge and ill-bred nature. These behaviours are anti ethical to religious and moral ethics. Moreover when the God will measure the man he will measure the hearts but not the brains and outward appearance unless it is becoming the reason of causing some deadly sins to prevail.
Saturday, July 20, 2019
Brave New World :: essays papers
Brave New World Imagine living in a society where there is no such thing as mothers or fathers, where you look exactly like the 500 people standing next to you, where casual sex and drug use is not only allowed, but is encouraged. Well, the society in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, is just that. While the prophecies from the Brave New World society are quite different from those of today, they can be argued as both right and wrong, but , and the technology to make them happen may be just around the corner. The society of the Brave New World is quite different from ours, with their lack of spirituality proving that point. â€Å"The pleasure-seeking society pursues no spiritual experiences or joys, preferring carnal ones. The lack of religion that seeks a true transcendental understanding helps ensure that the masses of people, upper and lower classes, have no reason to rebel†. Another main difference, is the absence of mothers and fathers, and the technology that makes it possible. â€Å"Brave New World is a futuristic society designed by genetic engineering, and controlled by neural conditioning with mind-altering drugs and manipulative media. It predestines human embryos to certain levels of intelligence, and chemically does away with the concept of old age†. Today, the technology is simply not available to create hundreds of humans from the same egg. Yet another prophecy that differs greatly from those of today, is the use of soma and casual sex. In today’s soc iety both of these things are frowned upon greatly. However, in the brave new world, they are promoted. The prophecies promoted in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, are quite different from those promoted in today’s society. Even though the new society digresses greatly from today’s, were the ideas promoted really all that bad? It could be argued either way. One side may argue that there is nothing really wrong with continuously physically pleasuring yourself. After all, if â€Å"everybody belongs to everybody else†, there would be a lot less fighting. If technology did not allow for any of the consequences associated with drugs, then what would be so wrong about them? What if you did not have to go through life behaving yourself, because the concept of having to get into heaven simply did not exist. Would it not be nice to not have to deal with all the pain and grieving death brings, to be able to simply accept it and move on?
Friday, July 19, 2019
Tastes Great or Less Filling :: Commercial Analysis Essays
Tastes Great or Less Filling? Works Cited Missing Yes, yes, oh yes! Most of us are familiar with the current advertising campaign of Clariols Herbal Essences shampoo and conditioner. It has been running for quite a while now. The woman enters a room and to her surprise a bottle of shampoo and conditioner await her. Then we suddenly find her either washing her own hair or having her hair washed and she is pleasurably screaming and shouting. The add seems to imply that the shampoo and/or conditioner causes an orgasm like experience for the woman. The commercial is clearly targeted towards women, yet the woman is usually beautiful. Between the beautiful woman and the screaming female it is difficult to deny that men do not keep a slight interest in the commercial. The images in the commercial keep peoples attention, and that is what sells the product. Another commercial recently made its debut earlier this year during the closing weeks and playoffs of the NFL season. It is the highly controversial Miller Lite catfight commercial. The commercial was considered controversial because of the two women in it. Many argue that the women were being exploited for their good looks, yet in McClouds Show and Tell, ...words and pictures have great powers to tell their stories when creators fully exploit them both, (152). That is how advertisers accomplish their mission. What are they trying to do? They are trying to keep your attention so that you will buy their product. They exploit their images and their words to get the most of them. Also, words and moving pictures have half the world in thrall to their charms, (141). The commercial starts out with two women fighting over why Miller Lite is such a good beer. One claims that it is the taste of the beer and the other claims that it is because it is less filling. The verbal struggle erupts into a physical battle when the brunette woman flips the table over. The blonde then punches the brunette which is followed by the brunette throwing the blonde into a fountain and they fight as they rip each others clothes off. The commercial then cuts to two men laughing at what a great commercial the viewer just saw would make, while two women are shown with their mouths wide open as if they were offended by what they had just heard.
Thursday, July 18, 2019
Dying to Babysit :: Creative Writing Essays
Dying to Babysit         It all began one day when I was over my friend Susan's house. Her parents had just left for vacation to Texas, leaving her home by herself. I was allowed to stay that weekend while her parents were away. Susan and I were sitting down eating when she got a call from the house where a new family just moved into. The Smith's had asked her to babysit for them. They said it was all right if I came too. They wanted us to come over about six that evening.         When we got over there Mrs. Smith introduced her two year old daughter named Julie to us. Mr. and Mrs. Smith didn't leave right away because they wanted Julie to get to know us better. Mrs. Smith told Susan and I that Julie could stay up until 8:00 P.M.. She also told us she had been having problems with her telephone. There must have been something wrong with the connection because when it rang there would be no one on the other end. Someone was coming tomorrow to take a look at it.         Mr. and Mrs. Smith informed us that they would be a little late coming home because it was their anniversary and they had a long night planned. We told them to have a nice time and they both grabbed their coats and left.        Julie started crying just as they closed the door. We gave her a bottle and put her down to watch some TV. Then the phone rang and Susan and I looked at each other, seeing who was going to answer it.         I answered the phone but no one was there. I said hello again, but still no answer. All I could hear was someone breathing heavily. It was loud, gasping, and very frightening. I said hello again and heard a faint, masculine voice. As I began to tremble, the voice whispered, "I'm coming."         All of a sudden the lights went out. Susan, Julie and I let out a loud shriek. I ran over to Susan and Julie and hid my head. Susan started laughing and told me it was probably because of the storm outside. We both looked out the window when a bolt of lighting struck across the sky. Julie began to cry and we comforted her and told her it would be all right.         Susan was going to go down into the basement to find the fuse box so she could turn the lights back on. It was time for Julie to go to bed so I grabbed
Ancestral Influence in Hawthorne’s Writing
Ancestral Influence in Hawthorne’s Writing Can the sins of ancestors pass down upon the next generations? Hawthorne believed that it was possible and he expresses his beliefs through his writings. Hawthorne was well aware of his ancestral consequences of wrongdoings and he held the sense of guilt of his ancestor, so many of his writings were gothic, dark, and dealt with evils. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s historical background of living in Salem and his ancestral connection to Salem Witch Trial influenced him to question the fate of the family carrying the sin of past mistakes in his novel, the House of the Seven Gables.Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts, and he is the descendent of John Hawthorne, a judge of the Salem Witch trial. During the witch trials, hysteria and delusions clouded everyone’s eyes and unjust persecutions spread and killed many of the innocents. Judges at the times had the power to persecute the witches, however, the whole incident was a horrible delusion (Wright). This ancestral wrongdoing has hunted Hawthorne throughout his lives. Hawthorne lost his father from the yellow fever when he was four and his mother obliged to live with her parents because they were financially troubled.He lived very isolated because his mother kept herself isolated as well. Hawthorne believed that the depressing circumstances of their family were caused by the curse of victims from Salem Witch Trials (Hawthorne xvi). This belief of Hawthorne clearly is reflected in the characters of the House of the Seven Gables. Similar to Hawthorne, a Salem family of Pyncheons has believed and suffered from the curse passed down from Matthew Maule, an innocent victim of Colonel Pyncheon. He was accused of witchcraft and was executed due to the unjust claim of Colonel.Before Maule’s death, he proclaimed, â€Å"the God will give him blood to drink,†which came true shortly after when Colonel Pyncheon dies in the same manner as descr ibed by Maule. In the future generations, the decedents of Pyncheon family that have been living in the house was as if trapped in it, they were bonded with the house surrounded with dark aura. Colonel was a dark, wicked, greedy man and his decedents are haunted with the consequences and the evil deeds of their ancestors. Similar to the Salem Witch trials, greed and lies covered the sins of both crimes and it haunted to future generations. Hawthorne xvii). Both stories closely resemble each other because Hawthorne has been greatly influenced from his cultural background and ancestral histories. Both Hawthorne and Pyncheon were the descendent of the Puritan. Because Hawthorne is influenced greatly with the Puritan beliefs, the novel, The House of Seven Gables, is expressed with full of puritan ideals, curses, and sins (xiii). Hawthorne, from his view of the witch trials, also criticized that Puritans were too self-righteous and lacked of human heart (Hall).The setting for the novel w as taken place at Salem, where the House of the Seven Gables exists, and it was also was where Hawthorne was born and raised. Maule also came from the name, Thomas Maule, a criticizer of the witch trials. The House of the Seven Gables too, was actually molded from his cousin’s, Susannah Ingersoll, house in the Massachusetts. It is also an actual incident that occurred during the witch trial that one of the victims of witch trial, Sarah Good, had told Reverent Noyes, the sinful accuser, that, â€Å"if he took her life away, God would give him blood to drink! Many of the settings and characters were created from Hawthorne’s surrounding influences and people (Hawthorne xiii – xx). Hawthorne uses curses as to symbolism of his past and present, influencing in many of his writings. In the preface, he stated, â€Å"The wrong-doing of on generation lives into the successive ones, and divesting itself of every temporary advantage, becomes a pure and uncontrollable misc hief†(Chandler 46). He believed that the sins and evils have passed down from the past and is binding them from happiness.It is said that Hawthorne even changed the spelling of his name, possibly to escape the shameful act of his processors. His novels gives traits of Hawthorne’s will of retribution and search of the remorse for the past mistakes of his ancestors. In The House of Seven Gables, he exploits that the past sins can be transmitted through generations and that just like the physical traits, and how the cursed family struggles to overcome this problem (Hawthorne xv-xvi). Hawthorne, in his novels, describes themes of the psychological moral struggles people go through in their existence.There was a moment in the book where Hawthorne showed the slight hope in concurring the sinful past. It was when a young man called Holgrave tells Pheobe Pyncheon about a story of Maule who intended to control Alice Pyncheon, a beautiful innocent girl, for the sake of his ances tor’s revenge. Maule hiponized Alice and gained control of her, but in the end, his action led Alice into death, and Maule greatly regretted his action. As he finish telling the story, the atmosphere they had was similar of what was in the story; Holgrave had the power to control Pheobe because she was almost hypnotized situation by his stories.However, despite his longing and awkward relationship with Pyncheons, Holgrave chose the way to love and care for Pheobe instead of controlling her with his power. This progress, Hawthorne showed that it was possible to break and escape from the bond of the evil doings of their ancestors (Bell). In the end of the novel, Pheobe Pyncheon, a member of Pyncheon family, Holgrave, a descendent of Thomas Maule, falls in love. This was the moment when the curse of the Pyncheon was lifted from all the characters in the book.They got married and it will be a great progress to get over then coincidence between Matthew Maule and Alice Pyncheon. Fr om this passage, Hawthorne probably believed that the curse of ancestral sins and evils can be cured by the love and forgiving of the people. It is perhaps his marriage with Sophia Peabody and his love for her that led him thinking less of the deception of his ancestor and which led him to write the happy ending for the novel (Hawthorne 263-276). The novel ended with atonement and start of restoring the love that was lacked in the house (Brodhead 70).In the House of the Seven Gables, Nathaniel Hawthorne discusses the influence of ancestral consequences of wrongdoing upon the future generation. Hawthorne felt guilt and responsibility from the sins of his ancestors, and was haunted by them throughout his life. He believed that the sins will pass on through generations and he wrote this novel with this theme in his mind. However, the novel ended with happy ending where people found love that overcomes the hate and evil of the dark historical sins.
Wednesday, July 17, 2019
The Performing Arts and the Social Sciences
Music & Storytelling When all(a) of the slaves were freed in The Invisible Princess, there was music and dance and storeytelling. Visual Art corporate trust Ringgold says that prowess is or so more than middling technique and style. Its roughly ideas ( Talking to Faith Ringgold, p. 23). She gets her ideas from events that atomic number 18 happening around her. (Refer to the painting on pp. 23-24. ) Creative Drama M fine artin Luther King, Jr. is kn form got for his I Have a trance speech. The class cig atomic number 18t spin ideas from the earmark and interrogation opposite Afri slew Ameri potfuls who do a big impact on the freedom of their race.From here, the class raft pegleg a production play. words arts The Invisible Princess is an original fairy tale. The contest in close fairy tales is dandy vs. evil. Fairy tales originated from dreams. tender Studies The location of the terminals on the Underground railway atomic number 18 all across the United State s. Tar land is set in Harlem during the Great Depression. comprehension Cotton was grown on intimately of the gravid graftations in the southwesterly. The students piece of tail tick close to the production of cotton and the opposite industries related to it. 2. nettle sue by fulfill Stauffacher, Illustrated by Sue Stauffacher. tot (April 10, 2007) chevvy Sue is the moving, heartfelt, and some eras funny twaddle of a girl desperate for her develops love, and how compassion, resilience, and intimacy can athletic supporter a person survive just about any hardship that sustenance can dish out. The perform liberal arts and the Social lights verbiage liberal arts archaean on in the bear, Harry Sue says, Everybody has a back degree, Fish. Garnett, Mary Bell, bell ringer, me. find that when youre eyeballing a new con. The literal story pay backs somewhere in the past. (p. 23) This can be a reasoned makeup exercise for students they bequeath think about their back stories and create a narrative.Drama on that point atomic number 18 separate of the story that ar especially suited to a plump actualizeance, much(prenominal) as the standoff in the midst of Harry Sue and Granny in the basement, or oneness of the meals that Baba and Harry Sue shargon together in the art room. Students can learn their lines and to rehearse their scenes for a performance. Social Studies Baba shares with Harry Sue his experiences and dire personal loss as one of the Lost Boys of Sudan. The students can learn about the Sudanese civil war that resulted in thousands of refugees, and the story of how many of these boys were brought to the United States to start a new brio.As a pip-squeak of an incarcerated parent, Harry Sue is at enormous risk of dropping out of school, ab using drugs and alcohol, experiencing genial illness, and committing crimes than children whose parents are not imprisoned. Students can investigate children of prisoners and and rep ort on their findings. As an extension, the students can brainstorm what they can do as a class to help children of prisoners in their own community. Science With a T-5 spinal cord blot, Homer Price is a quadriplegic. Unable to use his four limbs, he can only use the parts of his body above the neck his head, mouth, and tongue.J-Cat introduces Homer to a device that allows him to draw using a light pen held in the mouth. With technology, Homer is again able to nominate out his inventions on paper. Students can query advances in spinal cord injury technology, and how severely disabled people give dole out Homer are using these technologies to rectify their lives. Harry Sue finds solace in Mrs. Meads garden, and at the end of the story, she gardens with Moonie Pie and the other children at Baba and J-Cats day care center as a vogue of healing her heart and her brain. Students can re appear gardening or horticultural therapy and how it is used.In the spring, plant a Harry Sue top garden with native flowers and plants that are as tough and resilient as Harry Sue. Art J-Cat compares Homers web site to that of the keen artist Henri Matisse toward the end of his life. When Matisse was no longer able to hold a paint brush, his assistants fastened a pencil to his hand so he could relate to draw. He in addition used large scissors to create the body of fit known as cutouts. Students can look for the late work of Henri Matisse via the public program library and the Internet. Students can because create their own cut paper collage enliven by the work of Matisse.BOOKS FOR GRADES 4-8 1. The Egypt Game by Zilpha Keatley Snyder, Yearling (December 1, 1985) In The Egypt Game, April Hall, an insecure and solitary 11-year-old, comes to live with her grandmother and surprises herself when she forms an immediate friendship with her neighbor Melanie Ross. April and Melanie, who share an unusual evoke in ancient Egypt, use their cause and vivid imaginations to develop an elaborate game of Egypt. Gradually, the game becomes more and more real, and shake things begin to happen in the neighborhood. The children are faced with a soul-searching interrogative Has the game gone too off the beaten track(predicate)?The Performing Arts and the Social Sciences quarrel Arts Each participant in The Egypt Game chooses an Egyptian name and its hieroglyphic symbol. Students can investigate library about the gods and goddesses of ancient Egypt. They can select an Egyptian name for themselves and create its hieroglyphic symbol. They can also compose a split up telling why they selected their particular names. Mysteries are solved in The Egypt Game and The gypsy Game. At the end of The Egypt Game, April and Marshalls picture is in the newspaper along with a story about how Marshall helped the Professor free April.Students can write the article that appears in the newspaper. They can include quotations from each of the children of Egypt, sundry(a ) people from the neighborhood, and the Professor. Theater Arts The geeks in the take for commune in a vacant lot where they play a game where they play specific roles as they try to reenact ancient Egyptian rituals. Students can learn about frolic and how to study and act out a character. A play production of the book can also be staged. Social Studies April and her friends conduct look for about Egyptians and Gypsies in the lead engaging in their games.Students can be asked to name other ancient cultures that they have studied, such as the Incas and Aztecs, and the ancient Babylonians, Chinese, and Greeks. Students should be equipped to speculate on which of the cultures would most likely interest April and Melanie and why. The Egypt Game, the children decide to perform an Egyptian Ceremony for the Dead. They think they will mummify the bird. Students can research the mould of mummification, and how scientists determine the age of ancient mummies. 2. turn of the Road (Puff in Modern Classics) by Elizabeth Janet Gray.Puffin (October 5, 2006) fling of the Road is the story of eleven-year-old Adam who wishes to be a poet-singer like his father, Roger. The story takes place in thirteenth-century England. Adam with his minstrel father, Roger, and his faithful cocker spaniel, Nick, are on their way to the Fair of St. Giles. Even good minstrels like Roger are not unplowed by their masters during the summer months and are forced to travel the countryside in search of work. While walking along the great roads of southern England, Adams detent, Nick, is stolen. As he tries to catch the thief, he becomes separated from Roger.So begins a season of adventure for Adam. During nearly a year, while Adam continues to look for his dog and his father, he meets many strangers jugglers, minstrels, plowmen, and nobles who try to win over him that their life is best. Instead, Adam chooses to be a minstrel and is completely happy when he is reunited with his beloved f ather and his dog. The Performing Arts and the Social Sciences Language Arts The slope used in the book is loosely the terms used in the time of its printing, and outdated words are to be encountered.The book is for seventh grade Language Arts and fits well within an interdisciplinary unit on the Middle Ages. at that place are also 29 other books cited in the book, as well as excerpts from poetry. Students can research such literary pieces and that could be an aid to them in reading about the literature of chivalrous europium. Performing Arts Music is a alert aspect of this book, as the main character is a singer and also a harp player. Moreover, the minstrels in the book also are singers. There is a great deal of singing here, and many characters are described as singing noted songs of that time.Social Studies When the students are studying Medieval Europe in social studies, they can be reading Adam of the Road and researching life in the Middle Ages in Language Arts class. In the book, the presence of minstrels and knights in specific are interesting points to tackle. write up The book is set in Medieval measure and students can also research about the significance of that era and how we can relate the events in that time to our time today. There can be sessions where students can compare and contrast the past and the present.ScienceScience as we can deduce, is not all the same as advanced in the book as it is today. People back then travel by horse-drawn vehicles such as carriages and horse carts. Students can research about how transportation evolved and the Medieval Times may be their starting point. REFERENCES fondle Scales, Director of Library Services of the South Carolina Governors School for the Arts and Humanities in Greenville, SC. http//www. randomhouse. com/ compile/display. pperl? isbn=9780517885437&view=tg Colleen Carroll, Education Consultant, platform Writer and Author.http//www. randomhouse. com/kids/catalog/display. pperl? isbn =9780375832741&view=tg http//www. randomhouse. com/teachers/catalog/display. pperl? isbn=9780440422259&view=tg Deborah Gaulin 1997. http//www. sdcoe. k12. ca. us/score/ ten/adamtg. html Aunt Harriets Underground Railroad in the Sky by Faith Ringgold, Illustrated by Faith Ringgold. Dragonfly Books (1995) Harry Sue by Sue Stauffacher. Illustrated by Sue Stauffacher. Yearling (2007) The Egypt Game by Zilpha Keatley Snyder, Yearling (1985) Adam of the Road by Elizabeth Janet Gray. Puffin (2006)
Tuesday, July 16, 2019
Child and adolescent health Essay
Child and adolescent health Essay
Even though the objective is that the exact same counselling other children and teens is frequently different from counselling adults.Moreover, another missing factor in the western society is emphasis on prevention since mostly they concentrate on moist curing or treatment than prevention, yet prevention is cost effective (Merrick, 2014).The good health problems faced by the adolescents impact their good health and wellness in several ways in how their lifetime. An adolescent who uses tobacco, has unhealthy eating behavior, uses alcohol logical and other drugs, has inadequate exercise or engages in sexual certain behaviors that may result to sexually transmitted infections’ and unwanted early pregnancy may negatively impact their lives (Hall & Braverman, 2014). Some of the negative effects of the health problems faced by the adolescents which may negative impact their health and wellness include lung cancer, obesity or underweight, high blood pressure, logical and even co ntracting the incurable HIV virus or being early mothers.A kid with a mental health issue armed might not be in a position to articulate preventing their requirements and emotions along with a child start with good mental wellbeing, and thus they might be disruptive and few more argumentative.Prevention-lastly, the nurse should ask the teenager whether they want to be pregnant logical and discuss the future and current contraceptives (Hall & Braverman, 2014).In conclusion, psychological and environmental factors are the two other most important factors that influence adolescent’s developments. Focused attention on the infectious diseases experienced by the adolescents and emphasis on prevention is lacking in the western society. Moreover, there are several health social problems adolescents face that impact their good health and wellness in several ways in preventing their lifetime.
Young people and children what are able to need help.(2014). Hot topics in young adolescent health. man, P. K.Speak to doctor elementary school counselor, or your parents if youre a little kid or teen.My parents wanted another opinion.
Adolescence is a stage in life thats full of conflict but second one thats filled with chances to be a due much better person.As a result, they frequently find out new strategies by forming audience or a little clique, to adapt.Adolescents who undergo a job might have to learn the essential prerequisites for that work jointly with abilities deeds that enable them to finish it.Family therapy is a substantial important part of our therapy.
Individual treatment provides a opportunity to learn new skills all to you.Mental Health is an important important issue for people.Emotional health is a substantial part of general good health for children in addition to adults.Our public services are offered with every one of the services focusing on distinct various aspects of the wellness and illness continuum.
Monday, July 15, 2019
Russia vs Brazil Communication Styles
effortless chat in Russia reflects a subdued affectation that is unmatched region. A backup collision with a fantastical strugglerants the trade name mathematical function of of their patronym puddle to greet them. A patronymic r sever everyy is the denomination originated from a maternal ancestor such(prenominal) as a give or grand catch. all told Russian surnames atomic number 18 grow on the individuals father with the postfix ovna or evna for wo landforce, which construe to the lady friend of. For custody the suffix ovich in same(p) dash translates to the boy of bod see in the wowork force.To fit some opposite mold of tradition, the Russian row has two mutation of the rallying cry you. In a statuesque backing Russians mapping vy to suck tact and measure, tho they withal comport the ty rendition to expend with friends or family. In contrast, brazil nuts confabulation sort is some(prenominal) to a greater extent relaxed and inf ormal. brazil-nut treeians frequently break d deliver each new(prenominal) in conferences, a vesture that is non holded stark(a) by their standards. They too hand in genuinely ratiocination up propinquity and delight in mournful each a nonher(prenominal)(a) lightly. This f ar is discovered across grammatical gender roles.For example, Brazilian men mend former(a) men as healthy as women during conversations. Women do non consider this sort sexual torture or irrelevant behavior. In fact, fracture extraneous from this c dope off law of proximity is considered an wrap upend in Brazilian. amply consideration of use lodge Russians and Brazil use the mellow symbolise setting communion elbow room. This movement is to unify oral examination and signed messages to contri savee their thoughts and feeling. salty a conversation with a high-pitched context communicator a psyche mustiness be fit to indentify the crafty refining in mud termi nology to decrypt what is in truth macrocosm expressed.In short, m each an(prenominal) things atomic number 18 leave hard in Russia, which makes run and merchandising a seam slenderly challenging. For example, in the advance(prenominal) nineties a Russian beer company touch merchandising sumptuous when its m atomic number 53ymaking(prenominal) aired during a Russian football game. The commercial message-grade pictured a football faker with a date haircut and a tee shirt with the course I. Sussanin. His mantic bus topology is seen attempting to go him by axiom You already compete a put bingle acrossst the drink d feature, so merely do the selfsame(prenominal) with this group, poke out them to the falsely anxiety.In response, the worker says nonentity and turns away. This commercial resonated wholesome with Russian consumers be beat the toughness was implied. all Russians befool a good rationality of their recital and mum that this was in role to the war wedge heel Ivan Sussanin who tricked the Polish into dismissal the unseason equal plowion in the war of 1613. Thus, it is unconditional to guide fine listen and experimental skills to be an trenchant communicator in Russia and Brazil. Negotiating The policy-making and economic grace of Russia is an powerful broker in its dialog style.Since the disclose of the Soviet Union, the breastplate of prop rights put away persist ins comparatively purposeless and argumentationes ar oft cartridge holders compositors case to bea conquer that is riddle with nepotism and corruption. Thus, Russian negotiations think on the short-run gains and services of a rail line hatful. In fact, conference in bank line deals drop good come forward into a super argumentative and adversarial experience. prominent reactions alike threats to herald off a deal, dismissal of temper, and withal expiration the boardroom, are sooner veritable(prenominal) i n crinkle negotiations.Russians use up to the psyche that one parties gain should be just the other parties loss. Thus, pliant is seen as a flunk and at that place is wholesome apprehension that at that place is whole one best in a caper deal. supplement relationships is an chief(prenominal) component part when negotiating in Brazil. Brazilians oft rent distributed and calamity negotiate. plot of ground the purchaser is in a superior spot, both sides in a chore deal own the province to nominate agreement. They rest prospicient-run commitments from their business partners and leave behind counselling by and large on semipermanent benefits.The chief(a) negotiation style is hawkish and Brazilians bottomland be actually ravening negotiators. plot of land proposals should render the benefits to both negotiating parties, neither of them should charter attempts to acquire competitive advantages negatively. It is life-and-death to remain non-con frontational and forefend rank booking end-to-end the bargaining exchange. Ultimately, the burnish promotes a win-win shape up and battalion repute long-term business relationships. You leave alone discharge your counterparts appreciate by maintaining a positive, unappeasable attitude.Do non exoneratedly carry ill go forth or frustration. Should a repugn fig up at any stage of a negotiation, you ability be able to fall response by leverage individualized relationships difference of opinion worry For a long time Russia was form into pastoral communes. agricultural communes were communities and overt farms that provided all of the intellectual nourishment resources to the surround population. nourishment was distributed as and Russians knowledgeable to gather and cut take in whenever possible. Thus, Russian pump for the convention strongly influences their conflict steering style.If on that point is an smother at heart an organization, it is signifi kindlet to woo the group, non an individual, just about the loss and take none a cooperative resultant role to the paradox. Russians consider that component their team members execute a terminal truly does benefit them forthwith, Russian like to be undefeated in concert. They are more assured that they can work together and make decisions and puree to determine the argue position by enquire questions. Brazilian prefers to ward off traffic at a time with conflict. When give aways arise, they are dealt with privately, through and through a deuce-ace party, or through passive resistance.Rather than produce their contrary directly, Brazilians will problem light up their apply the to the lowest degree tot of open dissension. Brazilian believes strongly in conservation front, a apprehension that some(prenominal) direct communicators do not portion in when relations with conflict. scrimping face is only dealings with an issue or busines s organization in a manner that does not publicly block off Brazilians or cause them to lose respect in their own eye or those of other individuals. Therefore, strike is not directly primed(p) on anyone but is normally alluded to.
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